Analysis of Cryptography in Information Technology

Cryptography is the practice of securing information through use codes, ciphers, and other methods encryption. It an essential aspect modern communication, enabling secure transmission data over networks protecting sensitive from unauthorized access. has been used throughout history to protect messages interception decipherment. In ancient times, cryptography was by military leaders diplomats communicate confidential information. Over time, cryptographic techniques have become more sophisticated, now employs complex algorithms mathematical principles.Today, in various applications, including online banking, e-commerce, messaging, government communication. also plays a critical role such as medical records, personal data, intellectual property.As technology continues evolve, importance will only increase. ensures confidentiality, integrity, authenticity it tool for digital assets maintaining trust world. Literature Review: subject interest computer science mathematics decades. The literature on vast covers wide range topics, encryption algorithms, key management, protocols One earliest most well-known Caesar cipher, which Julius encode his messages. Since then, numerous developed, symmetric-key public-key cryptography.Symmetric-key involves single both decryption, while uses two keys, one decryption.In recent years, research post-quantum gained significant attention due potential threat quantum computers pose current methods. Post- aims develop that are resistant attacks.